Lesson 013 — Full Korean Consonant Map: 19 Hangul Consonants

You have already met every consonant letter used in modern Hangul. Now it is time to stop seeing them as separate lesson lists and organize all 19 consonant letters into one complete Hangul map.

Learn Korean from Zero to Practical Korean · Lesson 013 · Hangul Foundation

⏱ 11–13 min read · 25 min practice · Full Korean consonant map

🧭 Course Info

Course: Learn Korean from Zero to Practical Korean
Lesson: 013 — Full Korean Consonant Map: 19 Hangul Consonants
Module: Hangul Foundation
Level: Absolute beginner
Focus: organizing all 19 modern Hangul consonant letters into one clear map
Listening support: 3 short audio clips for consonant names, the full ㅏ-block map, and Korean alphabetical order
Today’s goal: recognize, name, and organize all 19 modern Hangul consonant letters
Saved practice: your personal full-consonant review map

In Lessons 006 and 007, you learned the 14 basic consonants. In Lesson 012, you added the five tense consonants ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, and ㅉ. That means you have now seen every consonant letter used in the modern Korean alphabet.

ㄱ · ㄴ · ㄷ · ㄹ · ㅁ · ㅂ · ㅅ · ㅇ · ㅈ · ㅊ · ㅋ · ㅌ · ㅍ · ㅎ
ㄲ · ㄸ · ㅃ · ㅆ · ㅉ

Today is not about learning 19 brand-new sounds. It is an organization lesson. You will connect each consonant shape to its Korean name, a familiar ㅏ-block, and its place inside the wider consonant system.

🎯 Lesson Goal
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to recognize all 19 modern Hangul consonant letters, connect them to their Korean names and basic ㅏ-blocks, and organize related consonants into clear visual families.

✅ What You'll Be Able to Do

• Recognize the 14 basic consonants and five tense consonants.
• Connect consonant names such as 기역 and 니은 to their written letters.
• Read the full set of basic ㅏ-blocks from 가 to 짜.
• Organize related letters such as ㄱ / ㅋ / ㄲ and ㅈ / ㅊ / ㅉ.
• Understand the difference between a consonant’s name and a completed syllable block.
• Recognize consonants inside short real Korean words.
• Use three short audio clips as reading support.
• Prepare for Lesson 014, where you will build a wider range of open Korean blocks.

🔁 Review from Lesson 012

R1. What are the five tense Korean consonants?

Show answer

Answer:
The five tense consonants are ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, and ㅉ.

R2. What block do you make by combining ㅃ + ㅏ?

Show answer

Answer:
ㅃ + ㅏ = 빠.

R3. Does ㄲ work as two separate ㄱ sounds inside 까?

Show answer

Answer:
No. Inside 까, ㄲ works as one tense consonant letter.

Guide 📑 What You'll Learn

Move from the complete consonant inventory to related letter families, real-word recognition, audio-supported reading, and your saved review map.

01 How to use this lesson 02 The complete 19-consonant map 03 Related consonant families 04 Real Korean Preview 05 Listen & Repeat Audio Practice 06 Reading Pass 07 Practice Drill & Quick Check 08 Practice & Save

🛠️ How to Use This Lesson

1. Start with the two large groups: 14 basic consonants and five tense consonants.
2. Connect each consonant to its Korean name and familiar ㅏ-block.
3. Use the family map to notice related shapes such as ㄱ / ㅋ / ㄲ.
4. Read the Korean blocks before checking any romanization support.
5. Use the three audio clips while looking at the matching Reading Pass lines.
6. Finish with the Practice Drill, Quick Check, Missions, and saved review output.

▲ All 19 modern Hangul consonant letters organized into 14 basic consonants and five tense consonants.

🗺️ The Complete 19-Consonant Map

Modern Hangul uses 19 consonant letters. A beginner-friendly way to organize them is to place the 14 basic consonants in one group and the five tense consonants in another.

Basic consonants — 14

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ
ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

Tense consonants — 5

ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ

🌿 Learning Map
The basic-plus-tense grouping is useful for reviewing what you learned in Lessons 006, 007, and 012. It is a learning map, not the only order in which Korean consonants appear.

Korean alphabetical order

In Korean alphabetical order, each tense consonant appears directly after its related basic consonant. You may see this order in dictionaries, word lists, and other reference materials.

ㄱ · ㄲ · ㄴ · ㄷ · ㄸ · ㄹ · ㅁ · ㅂ · ㅃ · ㅅ
ㅆ · ㅇ · ㅈ · ㅉ · ㅊ · ㅋ · ㅌ · ㅍ · ㅎ

Beginner-safe target:
You do not need to memorize dictionary order perfectly today. First, recognize that modern Hangul has 19 consonant letters and that the five tense consonants belong inside the full alphabet.

Consonant names and basic ㅏ-blocks

A consonant has a Korean letter name, but you do not use that full name when reading a completed syllable block. For example, ㄱ is called 기역, while ㄱ + ㅏ forms the block 가.

Group	Consonant	Korean name	Name support	ㅏ-block	Block support
Basic 14	ㄱ	기역	giyeok	가	ga
	ㄴ	니은	nieun	나	na
	ㄷ	디귿	digeut	다	da
	ㄹ	리을	rieul	라	ra
	ㅁ	미음	mieum	마	ma
	ㅂ	비읍	bieup	바	ba
	ㅅ	시옷	siot	사	sa
	ㅇ	이응	ieung	아	a
	ㅈ	지읒	jieut	자	ja
	ㅊ	치읓	chieut	차	cha
	ㅋ	키읔	kieuk	카	ka
	ㅌ	티읕	tieut	타	ta
	ㅍ	피읖	pieup	파	pa
	ㅎ	히읗	hieut	하	ha
Tense 5	ㄲ	쌍기역	ssanggiyeok	까	kka
	ㄸ	쌍디귿	ssangdigeut	따	tta
	ㅃ	쌍비읍	ssangbieup	빠	ppa
	ㅆ	쌍시옷	ssangsiot	싸	ssa
	ㅉ	쌍지읒	ssangjieut	짜	jja

⚠️ Letter Name vs. Block Reading
기역 is the name of ㄱ. The completed block 가 is read 가, not “기역아.” In the same way, 이응 is the name of ㅇ, but ㅇ + ㅏ is read 아.

🔍 Romanization Note
Romanization is included only as temporary reading support. English letters cannot reproduce every Korean sound exactly, so always return to the Hangul block itself.

👨‍👩‍👧 Related Consonant Families

Some Korean consonants are easier to remember when you place related shapes together. Five useful families connect plain, aspirated, and tense letters.

This is a visual recognition map. You do not need to master every pronunciation difference today. A more detailed sound comparison comes later in Lesson 018.

Family	Plain	Aspirated	Tense	ㅏ-block map
ㄱ family	ㄱ	ㅋ	ㄲ	가 · 카 · 까
ㄷ family	ㄷ	ㅌ	ㄸ	다 · 타 · 따
ㅂ family	ㅂ	ㅍ	ㅃ	바 · 파 · 빠
ㅅ family	ㅅ	—	ㅆ	사 · 싸
ㅈ family	ㅈ	ㅊ	ㅉ	자 · 차 · 짜

🌿 Pattern Tip
Learn each row as a visual family. For example, when you see ㄱ, connect it to ㅋ and ㄲ. This is easier than treating all 19 consonant letters as unrelated shapes.

Consonants outside the five comparison rows

ㄴ · ㄹ · ㅁ · ㅇ · ㅎ These five consonants do not belong to the plain–aspirated–tense rows above. Review them separately from the five comparison families.

⚠️ About ㅅ / ㅆ
The ㅅ family has a plain consonant and a tense consonant, but no separate aspirated letter between them.

🔍 Today’s Role of ㅇ
In the open blocks used today, ㅇ appears at the beginning and is silent, as in 아. Its final ng role will be taught later when the course reaches final consonants.

▲ This infographic shows all 19 Hangul consonant letters as five related families plus ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅇ, and ㅎ.

🌱 Real Korean Preview

These are not vocabulary words to memorize today. Your job is to find familiar consonants inside real Korean words.

A few of these words appeared in earlier lessons. They return here for a new purpose: instead of learning one target block, you will classify consonants using the complete 19-letter map.

Real Korean word	Simple meaning	Consonant to find	Today’s job
나비	butterfly	ㄴ · ㅂ	Find ㄴ in 나 and ㅂ in 비.
모자	hat	ㅁ · ㅈ	Find ㅁ in 모 and ㅈ in 자.
카메라	camera	ㅋ · ㅁ · ㄹ	Notice three different basic consonants.
토끼	rabbit	ㄲ	Find the tense consonant ㄲ in 끼.
따로	separately	ㄸ	Find the tense consonant ㄸ in 따.
아빠	dad	ㅃ	Find the tense consonant ㅃ in 빠.
쓰기	writing	ㅆ	Find the tense consonant ㅆ in 쓰.
찌개	stew	ㅉ	Find the tense consonant ㅉ in 찌.

🌿 Preview Note
You do not need to memorize these meanings yet. Today, focus only on identifying the first consonant inside each Korean block.

🔊 Listen & Repeat Audio Practice

The three audio clips follow the same order as the Reading Pass below. Use them to connect consonant names and written Hangul blocks with natural Korean sound.

📌 Listening Rule
Listen while looking at the Hangul first. Repeat each line once, then try reading it again without romanization. Use the audio as reading support rather than a pronunciation test.

🔊 Pronunciation Audio — Full Korean Consonant Map

These clips cover the full consonant names, the complete ㅏ-block map, and Korean alphabetical order.

Audio 1 — Full consonant names
Korean: 기역 · 니은 · 디귿 · 리을 · 미음 · 비읍 · 시옷
이응 · 지읒 · 치읓 · 키읔 · 티읕 · 피읖 · 히읗
쌍기역 · 쌍디귿 · 쌍비읍 · 쌍시옷 · 쌍지읒
Reading focus: connect each written consonant with its Korean letter name
Listening note: Point to each consonant while listening, then repeat each group once.

Audio 2 — Full ㅏ-block map
Korean: 가 · 나 · 다 · 라 · 마 · 바 · 사
아 · 자 · 차 · 카 · 타 · 파 · 하
까 · 따 · 빠 · 싸 · 짜
Reading focus: read the 14 basic blocks first, then the five tense blocks
Listening note: Keep your eyes on the first consonant while the vowel ㅏ stays the same.

Audio 3 — Korean alphabetical order
Korean: 가 · 까 · 나 · 다 · 따 · 라 · 마 · 바 · 빠 · 사
싸 · 아 · 자 · 짜 · 차 · 카 · 타 · 파 · 하
Reading focus: notice where the tense blocks appear inside Korean alphabetical order
Listening note: Follow the displayed sequence exactly instead of regrouping the blocks by consonant family.

👀 Reading Pass — Read First, Then Cover Romanization

Read each pass slowly. Pass 1, Pass 2, and Pass 3 correspond to the three audio clips above. Focus on accuracy before speed.

Pass 1 — Consonant names
기역 · 니은 · 디귿 · 리을 · 미음 · 비읍 · 시옷
이응 · 지읒 · 치읓 · 키읔 · 티읕 · 피읖 · 히읗

쌍기역 · 쌍디귿 · 쌍비읍 · 쌍시옷 · 쌍지읒 Corresponds to Audio 1.

Pass 2 — Full ㅏ-block map
가 · 나 · 다 · 라 · 마 · 바 · 사
아 · 자 · 차 · 카 · 타 · 파 · 하

까 · 따 · 빠 · 싸 · 짜 Corresponds to Audio 2.

Pass 3 — Korean alphabetical order
가 · 까 · 나 · 다 · 따 · 라 · 마 · 바 · 빠 · 사
싸 · 아 · 자 · 짜 · 차 · 카 · 타 · 파 · 하 Corresponds to Audio 3.

🔍 Reading Strategy
If a long row feels difficult, break it into groups of three to five blocks. Accurate grouping is more useful than rushing through the entire row.

✍️ Practice Drill

Q1. Complete the family: ㄱ · ㅋ · ___

01 Show answer

Answer:
ㄲ. The full family is ㄱ · ㅋ · ㄲ.

Q2. Complete the family: ㄷ · ___ · ㄸ

02 Show answer

Answer:
ㅌ. The full family is ㄷ · ㅌ · ㄸ.

Q3. What is the Korean name of ㄹ?

03 Show answer

Answer:
ㄹ is called 리을.

Q4. What block do you make with ㅊ + ㅏ?

04 Show answer

Answer:
ㅊ + ㅏ = 차.

Q5. Which tense consonant appears inside 찌개?

05 Show answer

Answer:
The tense consonant is ㅉ, inside the block 찌.

Q6. Which five consonants sit outside the five plain–aspirated–tense comparison rows?

06 Show answer

Answer:
ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅇ, and ㅎ.

🧩 Quick Check

Try answering first, then open each card to check your understanding.

Q1. How many modern Hangul consonant letters are in today’s map?

01 Show answer

Answer:
There are 19 consonant letters.

Q2. How many are in the basic consonant group?

02 Show answer

Answer:
There are 14 basic consonants.

Q3. How many tense consonants are there?

03 Show answer

Answer:
There are five: ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, and ㅉ.

Q4. Which consonant comes directly after ㄱ in Korean alphabetical order?

04 Show answer

Answer:
ㄲ comes directly after ㄱ.

Q5. Is 이응 the reading of the completed block 아?

05 Show answer

Answer:
No. 이응 is the name of ㅇ. The completed block 아 is read 아.

🎯 Recognition, Reading, and Writing Missions

👀 Recognition Mission
1. Cover the main consonant table.
2. Write the 14 basic consonants in one group.
3. Write the five tense consonants in a second group.
4. Check the table only after you finish.

✍️ Writing Mission
Copy the full 19-letter map once. Then circle ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, and ㅉ and draw a line between each related family:

ㄱ · ㅋ · ㄲ
ㄷ · ㅌ · ㄸ
ㅂ · ㅍ · ㅃ
ㅅ · ㅆ
ㅈ · ㅊ · ㅉ

📖 Reading Mission
Read the full ㅏ-block map once slowly. Then repeat only the blocks that caused hesitation:

가 · 나 · 다 · 라 · 마 · 바 · 사 · 아 · 자 · 차 · 카 · 타 · 파 · 하
까 · 따 · 빠 · 싸 · 짜

Accuracy matters more than speed.

✅ Practice & Save

Now turn the lesson into one compact review record. You do not need to copy every table. Save the complete consonant groups, the five related families, and the letters that still need review.

Save this full-consonant map:

Basic: ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
Tense: ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ
Families: ㄱ·ㅋ·ㄲ / ㄷ·ㅌ·ㄸ / ㅂ·ㅍ·ㅃ / ㅅ·ㅆ / ㅈ·ㅊ·ㅉ

📌 Save Your Output

Copy and complete this:

Three consonants I recognize quickly: ____ ____ ____
Three consonants I need to review: ____ ____ ____
One family I understand well: ____ / ____ / ____
One consonant name I want to review: __________
One real Korean word I recognized: __________

🔁 Course Flow Preview

🔮 Next in the course
The upcoming lessons will use the full consonant and vowel maps step by step:

• Lesson 014: Build Any Open Korean Block
• Lesson 015: Batchim Preview — Why Some Blocks Have a Final Sound
• Lesson 016: Read Your First Batchim Words — 한, 글, 국, 물, 집
• Lesson 017: ㅇ — Silent at the Start, ng at the End

Lesson 020 will be Hangul Checkpoint 1, the first cumulative review of the Hangul foundation.

💡 Final Thought

At first, 19 consonant letters may look like a large list. The map becomes much easier when you organize it into 14 basic consonants, five tense consonants, and five related consonant families.

You are no longer meeting isolated letters. You now have the complete consonant side of the modern Hangul system in front of you.

💡 One-Line Takeaway
Modern Hangul has 19 consonant letters: 14 basic consonants and five tense consonants, all of which can now be organized into one readable map.

💬 Your Turn

Before you leave this lesson, check yourself one last time:

Can you separate these 19 consonant letters into the basic and tense groups without looking at the table?

ㄱ · ㄴ · ㄷ · ㄹ · ㅁ · ㅂ · ㅅ · ㅇ · ㅈ · ㅊ · ㅋ · ㅌ · ㅍ · ㅎ
ㄲ · ㄸ · ㅃ · ㅆ · ㅉ

Then read the five family rows once more: 가·카·까 / 다·타·따 / 바·파·빠 / 사·싸 / 자·차·짜.

🔗 Continue Learning

Continue along the course path:

👉 Previous Lesson: Lesson 012 — Tense Korean Consonants: ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ
👉 Next Lesson: Lesson 014 — Build Any Open Korean Block
👉 Full Roadmap: Learn Korean from Zero to Practical Korean — 100-Lesson Roadmap

🌿 Recommended Reading / 함께 보면 좋은 글

These are optional culture and K-content readings. They are not the next required course lesson, but they can help you notice Korean letters, words, and expressions in real Korean media and entertainment.

🇰🇷 Korean words and culture in real content

👉 Netflix K-Drama Words You Keep Hearing — Aigoo, Daebak, Chaebol, and Makjang Explained
👉 Korean Horror Vocabulary: Ghosts, Shamans, Curses, and Grudges Explained
👉 Teach You a Lesson Korean Drama Explained: Netflix Cast, Webtoon, and 참교육 Meaning
👉 Jae-seok’s B&B Rules! Explained — Netflix Cast, Release Date, and Why It Feels So Korean

📚 Sources / Checked as of June 2026

1. National Institute of Korean Language — Romanization of Korean
Used for temporary romanization support in the consonant-name and ㅏ-block tables.
Open official source

2. King Sejong Institute Foundation — Sejong Korean Introduction
Used as an official beginner-learning reference for the modern Hangul consonant inventory and introductory consonant instruction.
Open official source

⚠️ Checked as of June 2026
This lesson uses official romanization and beginner-learning references. Romanization is temporary support, and consonant pronunciation can vary depending on syllable position and context.